Wilhelm Balthasar

Wilhelm Balthasar
Born 2 February 1914(1914-02-02)
Fulda
Died 3 July 1941(1941-07-03) (aged 27)
KIA – near Saint-Omer, France
Buried at German war cemetery at Illies, France
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service/branch Luftwaffe
Years of service 1933–1941
Rank Major
Unit Condor Legion, JG 1, JG 27, JG 3, JG 2
Commands held JG 2
Battles/wars

Spanish Civil War
World War II
Awards Spanienkreuz in Gold mit Schwertern und Brillanten
Ritterkreuz mit Eichenlaub

Major Wilhelm Balthasar (2 February 1914 – 3 July 1941) was a German World War II Luftwaffe flying ace, commander of Jagdgeschwader 2 (JG 2) and a winner of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. Legally it was Germany's highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Wilhelm Balthasar.[Note 1]

A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat.[1] During his Luftwaffe career, Wilhelm Balthasar was credited with 47 victories—including 7 in the Spanish Civil War—and 13 aircraft on the ground.[Note 2] Between 1939–41 he flew about 300 combat missions in addition to 465 he flew in Spain.

Contents

Early life

Balthasar was born in Fulda, Hesse-Nassau. Like his father, who was killed in action on Western Front in World War I, Wilhelm served in the Reichswehr as an artillery officer from 1933 until his transfer to the Luftwaffe in 1935. In November 1936, he volunteered to join Sonderstab W, named after its commander General Helmuth Wilberg, for deployment in the Spanish Civil War.

Legion Condor

Following his arrival in Spain, Balthasar served with Kampfgruppe K/88 and Aufklärungsgruppe A/88 flying bomber and reconnaissance missions in Junkers Ju 52 and Heinkel He 70. On 23 November 1936, he brought back information that enabled German forces to successfully bomb the port city of Cartagena and also gained his first victory when he shot down a Spanish Republican Air Force I-16 on 20 January 1937.

On 16 March 1937 Balthasar made an emergency landing at Almorox airfield. As he landed his crippled He-70, 3 J/88s fighters were taking off on a train strafing mission. Spotting an experimental Heinkel He-112 fighter nearby Balthasar, claiming to be an experienced fighter pilot, received permission to fly the monoplane fighter. Balthasar took off and using the Heinkel's 20mm cannon blew up an ammunition rail-car. On his way back to the airfield, he also claimed a republican tank destroyed. Upon landing, Balthasar was initially reprimanded by the commanding officer. However, when the commander learned of his escapade, he was given command of Aufklärungsgruppe A/88, a detachment of He-45 biplanes and the He-112 fighter given the tasks of armed reconnaissance, ground attacks and artillery spotting.

In September 1937, Wilhelm Balthasar joined Jagdgruppe 88 J/88 and claimed six more victories (including four Tupolev SB bombers in one mission on 7 February 1938) flying He-51 and the legendary Messerschmitt Bf 109. He returned to Germany in March 1938. For his bravery and leadership in Spain he became one of only 28 men to be awarded the Spanienkreuz in Gold mit Schwertern und Brillanten.

World War II

At the outset of World War II, Balthasar was Staffelkapitän of 1./Jagdgeschwader 1, which was in July 1940 renamed 7./Jagdgeschwader 27. The squadron did not see any action during the 1939 operation Fall Weiss, as it was tasked with the air defense of Berlin. On 10 May 1940 German forces launched the offensive in Western Europe and it was there Balthasar made his mark. On his first mission, 11 May 1940, he claimed three Belgian Air Force Gloster Gladiator fighters and a French Morane 406. He also recorded 9 victories in two days between 5 and 6 June 1940, which brought his World War II tally to 21. For this achievement, on 14 June 1940, Hauptmann Balthasar was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes), becoming the second Luftwaffe fighter pilot after Werner Mölders, to be so decorated.[2] Ultimately, Balthasar was the most successful German fighter pilot of the French campaign with 23 victories.

On 1 September 1940, Balthasar was appointed Gruppenkommandeur of III/ Jagdgeschwader 3, hunting in the skies above London. On 4 September he was seriously wounded in the leg during a dogfight with several 222 Squadron Spitfires over Canterbury and although still on crutches, Balthasar was flying operationally again some 14 days later. On 23 September 1940 he claimed two Spitfires and had three more victories before returning for hospital treatment in November 1940.

On 16 February 1941 Hauptmann Balthasar took over the Richthofen Geschwader, succeeding Hauptmann Greisert who assumed temporary command following the loss of Helmut Wick . Between 22 June and 27 June 1941 he claimed another nine Royal Air Force (RAF) aircraft, including five Bristol Blenheim bombers on 23 June, which brought his victory total to 40. For this milestone, he was awarded Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) on 2 July 1941.

Wilhelm Balthasar was killed only a day later during an aerial combat with RAF fighters over Aire, France. As he was diving violently in his Bf 109 F-4, the wing of his aircraft malfunctioned and he crashed to his death near Saint-Omer. He was posthumously promoted to the rank of Major and buried at a World War I cemetery in Flanders alongside his father.

Summary of Luftwaffe career

Dates of rank

Notable decorations

References in the Wehrmachtbericht

Date Original German Wehrmachtbericht wording Direct English translation
Saturday, 15 June 1940 Besonders ausgezeichnet haben sich: der Staffelkapitän Hauptmann Balthasar, indem er bisher zwanzig feindliche Flugzeuge im Luftkampf abschoß und elf weitere am Boden zerstörte; der Leutnant Weber in einem Schützenregiment, indem er im letzten Augenblick unter rücksichtslosem persönlichem Einsatz fünf Zündleitungen an einer wichtigen Brücke durchschnitten und so den Übergang unversehrt in unsere Hand gebracht hat.[6] Particularly distinguished have semselves: the squadron commander Captain Balthasar, by shooting down twenty enemy aircraft in aerial combat and destroying eleven more on the ground; Lieutenant Weber in a rifle regiment, when at the last moment who had cut through five blasting cables to a major bridge under ruthless personal commitmant and so secured the crossover unscathed and put it in our hands.
Wednesday, 2 July 1941 Hauptmann Balthasar errang am 26. Juni seinen 39. und 40., Leutnant Leesmann am 30. Juni seinen 21. und 22. Luftsieg.[7] Captain Balthasar on 26 June achieved his 39th and 40th, Second Lieutenant Leesmann on 30 June his 21st and 22nd aerial victory.
Thursday, 10 July 1941 Hauptmann Balthasar, Träger des Eichenlaubes zum Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes, der mit 40 Luftsiegen an den genannten Erfolgen der Luftwaffe hervorragend beteiligt war, fand in siegreichen Luftkämpfen am Kanal den Heldentod. Mit ihm verlor die Luftwaffe einen ihrer tapfersten Jagdflieger. Das Andenken dieses heldenhaften Offiziers des Jagdgeschwaders "Richthofen", der sich schon in der Legion “Condor” durch todesmutigen Einsatz wiederholt ausgezeichnet hatte, wird im deutschen Volk unvergessen bleiben.[8] Captain Balthasar, bearer of the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, who with 40 aerial victories exceptionally contributed on these already mentioned successes of the Luftwaffe, found a hero's death in victorious aerial battles at the channel. With him, the Luftwaffe lost one of their bravest fighter pilots. The memory of this heroic officer of Fighter Wing "Richthofen", who had already distinguished himself repeatedly in the Legion "Condor" in showing deathdefying courage, will remain unforgotten by the German people.

Notes

  1. ^ Until late September 1941, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves was second only to the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross (Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes), which was awarded only to senior commanders for winning a major battle or campaign, in the military order of the Third Reich. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves as highest military order was officially surpassed on 28 September 1941 by the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern), however the first presentation of the Swords to Adolf Galland was made prior to this date on 21 June 1941.
  2. ^ See also List of Spanish Civil War air aces.
  3. ^ According to Scherzer as Staffelkapitän of the 1./JG 1[4]

References

Citations
  1. ^ Spick 1996, pp. 3–4.
  2. ^ Nauroth 1999, p. 133.
  3. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 121.
  4. ^ a b Scherzer 2007, p. 201.
  5. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 54.
  6. ^ Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 1, pp. 212–213.
  7. ^ Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 1, p. 602.
  8. ^ Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 1, p. 613.
Bibliography
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000). Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 (in German). Friedburg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 3-7909-0284-5.
  • Nauroth, Holger (1999). Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" Eine Bildchronik (in German). Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3-613-01935-3.
  • Nauroth, Holger (2005). Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen", A Photographic History. Schiffer Publishing, Atglen, PA. ISBN 0-7643-2094-7.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939–1945 (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 3-87341-065-6.
  • Ringlstetter, Herbert. Helmut Wick, An Illustrated Biography Of The Luftwaffe Ace And Commander Of Jagdgeschwader 2 During The Battle Of Britain. Schiffer Publishing, Atglen, PA, 2005. ISBN 0-7643-2217-6.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 0-8041-1696-2.
  • Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939-1945 Band 1, 1. September 1939 bis 31. Dezember 1941 (in German). München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 1985. ISBN 3-423-05944-3.
  • Helden der Wehrmacht II. FZ-Verlag GmbH, 2003. ISBN 3-924309-62-0.

External links

Military offices
Preceded by
Hauptmann Karl-Heinz Greisert		 Commander of Jagdgeschwader 2 Richthofen
16 February 1941 – 3 July 1941		 Succeeded by
Oberstleutnant Walter Oesau